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Hydrochlorothiazide is a medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure and fluid retention (edema). It belongs to a class of drugs called thiazide diuretics, which work by affecting the kidneys. Specifically, hydrochlorothiazide increases the amount of salt and water that the kidneys excrete from the body. This reduction in fluid volume helps to lower blood pressure.

It is commonly prescribed on its own or in combination with other medications for hypertension. For edema, it is often used to manage fluid buildup associated with conditions like heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease. The exact dosage and frequency of administration are determined by a healthcare professional based on the individual's medical condition and response to treatment.

Like all medications, hydrochlorothiazide can have side effects. Common side effects may include increased urination, dizziness, lightheadedness, and electrolyte imbalances such as low potassium levels. Less common but more serious side effects can occur, and it is important to discuss any concerns with a doctor. Hydrochlorothiazide is generally taken orally. It is important to take this medication as prescribed and not to stop taking it without consulting a healthcare provider.