hibrids

Hibrids is a term used in some languages for the concept of hybrids; in English, the standard term is hybrid or hybrids. A hybrid is the offspring resulting from a cross between two different species, varieties, or breeds. Hybrids occur naturally and can also be produced through deliberate selective breeding. Plant and animal hybrids exhibit traits inherited from both parents.

In animals, interspecific hybrids arise when species mate; their fertility depends on chromosome number and structure. Some are sterile, such as the mule (horse and donkey); others can be fertile in rare cases, such as certain wolf-dog or big-cat hybrids, though these are uncommon and often controversial.

In plants, hybridization is a standard breeding technique. Crossing two true-breeding lines yields F1 hybrids that may show hybrid vigor, or heterosis, with improved growth, yield, or disease resistance. However, their offspring often do not breed true, so seeds saved from F1 hybrids do not reliably reproduce the same plant.

Polyploidy is common among plant hybrids and can restore fertility in some cases. Chromosome doubling is a feature in crops such as wheat and some fruit crops, enabling the creation of stable, fertile lineages. Hybrid seeds are widely used in agriculture to achieve uniform traits and predictable performance, though seed saving from F1 generations is typically avoided.

Classification and terminology vary: a hybrid can refer to crosses within a genus or between more distant taxa, depending on the context. Hybrids intersect genetics, evolution, agriculture, and conservation, reflecting the diverse roles these crosses play in nature and human society.