hepatotoxicitás

Hepatotoxicity refers to liver damage caused by exposure to certain medications, chemicals, or even natural substances. This damage can manifest in various ways, ranging from mild, reversible changes to severe, life-threatening liver failure. The liver is a vital organ responsible for numerous metabolic functions, including detoxification, and its sensitivity to foreign compounds makes it a common target for toxic injury.

Causes of hepatotoxicity are diverse. Many prescription and over-the-counter drugs are known to have the potential to harm the liver, with some individuals being more susceptible than others due to genetic factors or pre-existing liver conditions. Alcohol is another significant contributor to liver damage, leading to conditions like alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Certain environmental toxins, such as industrial chemicals and pesticides, can also induce liver injury. In some cases, even certain herbs and dietary supplements can be hepatotoxic.

Symptoms of hepatotoxicity can be subtle and may include fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), and dark urine. More severe cases can lead to acute liver failure, characterized by confusion, bleeding, and coma. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to assess liver enzyme levels, liver function tests, and sometimes imaging studies or a liver biopsy.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of the damage. If a medication or substance is identified as the culprit, discontinuation is often the first and most crucial step. Supportive care is essential, and in severe cases of liver failure, a liver transplant may be necessary. Prevention involves careful use of medications, moderation of alcohol consumption, and avoiding unnecessary exposure to known liver toxins.