hengityslihaksisto

Hengityslihaksisto refers to the group of muscles responsible for breathing in humans and other mammals. The primary muscles involved are the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is a large, dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the chest cavity, separating it from the abdomen. When it contracts, it flattens and moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and drawing air into the lungs (inhalation). Relaxation of the diaphragm causes it to return to its dome shape, decreasing the thoracic volume and expelling air (exhalation).

The external intercostal muscles are located between the ribs. Their contraction lifts the ribs upward and outward, further expanding the chest cavity and aiding in inhalation. The internal intercostal muscles, located beneath the external ones, play a role in forceful exhalation by pulling the ribs downward and inward, compressing the chest cavity. Accessory muscles in the neck and abdomen can also assist in breathing, particularly during strenuous activity or in individuals with respiratory difficulties. The coordinated action of this musculature allows for efficient gas exchange, providing the body with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide.