Relaxation

Relaxation is a state and a set of practices aimed at reducing physical and mental arousal and tension. It is characterized by slower breathing, decreased muscle tension, and a sense of ease, often accompanied by a calmer heart rate and clearer thinking. Relaxation can occur spontaneously during enjoyable activities, but it can also be cultivated through deliberate techniques that focus attention and body awareness.

Physiologically, relaxation activates the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system and the relaxation response, helping to counter the body's stress reaction driven by the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Psychologically, it lowers arousal, reduces rumination, and enhances perceived control.

Common techniques include progressive muscle relaxation, diaphragmatic or paced breathing, meditation and mindfulness, guided imagery, yoga, tai chi, biofeedback, and listening to soothing music. Some approaches emphasize passive rest, while others involve active engagement or movement. Regular practice tends to produce larger and more durable benefits than single sessions.

Evidence indicates relaxation can reduce stress and anxiety, improve sleep quality, ease certain types of chronic pain, and support mood and cognitive functioning in various populations. It is often used as part of broader treatment plans, such as stress management programs, cognitive-behavioral therapy, or pain care. It is not a substitute for medical treatment.