hemiplegic

Hemiplegic is an adjective used in medical contexts to describe a person who has hemiplegia, a paralysis affecting one side of the body. Hemiplegia most often results from a lesion in the brain, typically on the opposite side of the body; the left hemisphere controls the right side, and vice versa.

Symptoms include weakness or paralysis of the arm and leg on one side, reduced coordination, facial droop on the affected side, and sometimes difficulties with speech, swallowing, balance, and sensation. The severity and distribution vary; some people have complete paralysis of one side, others have hemiparesis (weakness without full paralysis).

Causes include stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic), traumatic brain injury, brain tumors, infections, and congenital conditions such as cerebral palsy. Hemiplegia is usually associated with unilateral brain injury or disease.

Diagnosis relies on neurological examination and imaging, such as CT or MRI, to identify the location and cause. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and on rehabilitation to maximize function. Acute stroke care may include clot-busting therapy or surgery; long-term care commonly involves physical and occupational therapy, speech therapy, and assistive devices. Medications may address spasticity (for example, baclofen, tizanidine) and pain. Some cases require injections (botulinum toxin) or surgical procedures.

Prognosis depends on age, cause, extent of brain injury, and access to rehabilitation. Many people regain some function over months, while others have permanent disability. Safety and environmental modifications are important for daily living.

Origin of the term: from Latin hemi- meaning half and Greek plegia meaning paralysis.