hapenmyrkytystä

Hapenmyrkytystä, also known as oxygen toxicity, is a condition that can arise from exposure to abnormally high concentrations of oxygen, particularly at increased pressures. It is a concern in environments where supplemental oxygen is used, such as in diving, hyperbaric medicine, and some medical settings. The severity of oxygen toxicity depends on the partial pressure of oxygen and the duration of exposure.

Symptoms of oxygen toxicity can affect various body systems. Central nervous system (CNS) symptoms, often referred to as Paul Bert effect, are the most common and can include visual disturbances, auditory problems, nausea, twitching of muscles (especially in the face), dizziness, and irritability. In severe cases, CNS toxicity can lead to convulsions, which are particularly dangerous in underwater environments as they can result in drowning.

Pulmonary oxygen toxicity, or Lorrain Smith effect, affects the lungs and is characterized by inflammation and damage to lung tissue. This typically occurs after longer exposures to moderately elevated oxygen levels. Symptoms can include a burning sensation in the chest, coughing, and shortness of breath. Over prolonged periods, it can lead to more severe lung damage and impaired gas exchange.

Prevention of oxygen toxicity involves careful management of oxygen concentrations and exposure times. In diving, this includes adhering to dive tables and decompression procedures that limit the partial pressure of oxygen breathed. In medical settings, oxygen therapy is administered with attention to the concentration and duration to avoid adverse effects. Understanding the risks and implementing appropriate safety measures are crucial for individuals working or operating in oxygen-rich environments.