handpress

A handpress is a manually operated printing press used for letterpress printing. It typically consists of a flat bed on which a forme of type or printing blocks is arranged, a platen that presses the paper against the inked type, and a lever or screw mechanism that applies pressure. Ink is applied to movable type with ink balls or rollers before printing.

History and operation form the core of the handpress. The handpress arose in the 15th century with the spread of movable type in Europe, building on earlier screw presses used for papermaking and wine. The Gutenberg press is the classic early model. In a typical handpress, the printer places the inked forme on the bed, lays a sheet of paper over it, and operates the platen via a lever or screw to transfer ink. They were capable of printing small to moderate runs; as steel and steam-powered presses came in during the 19th century, handpress production declined, but handpress machines continued to be used for artisanal printmaking and small editions.

Modern use and legacy. Today handpresses are valued by letterpress studios and educational institutions for their tactile quality. Contemporary artists and craftspeople use handpresses to create fine press books, invitations, and art prints. Collectible models remain in museums and are used by practitioners who seek traditional printing methods and hands-on control over the printing process.