haenggung

Haenggung, written hanja 行宮 and pronounced haenggung, is a term used in Korean history for a temporary royal residence established for a king when he was away from the main palace or on royal progress. It served as a lodging for the king and his retinue, as well as a place to conduct certain state affairs during travels or provincial visits.

In the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1897), the king generally resided in a major palace such as Gyeongbokgung in Seoul. When traveling to provinces, on military campaigns, or during ceremonial duties outside the capital, a haenggung was set up or used within a fortification or city to provide a suitable base for the royal household, court officials, and administrative activities. Haenggung were typically less monumental than the main palaces and were designed to be established quickly, though still capable of hosting audiences and ritual events.

Architecturally, haenggung varied in scale and detail but commonly included a throne hall or audience space, living quarters, kitchens, and administrative rooms. Some were situated within existing fortress complexes or urban centers, while others were temporary constructions. The Hwaseong Haenggung in Suwon is among the most famous surviving examples, built in the late 18th century for royal visits during the construction of Hwaseong Fortress and now preserved as a museum and cultural site.

The practice declined with changes in royal logistics and modernization, but haenggung remain a part of Korea’s historical landscape. They illustrate royal mobility, provincial governance, and ceremonial life outside the capital.