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The ideal gas law, also known as the general gas equation, is a fundamental principle in the physical sciences that describes the behavior of an ideal gas. It is expressed mathematically as PV = nRT, where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature. This equation is derived from the kinetic theory of gases and is applicable to gases that behave ideally, meaning they are composed of molecules that do not interact with each other and occupy negligible volume.

The ideal gas law can be used to predict the behavior of gases under various conditions, such as changes in pressure, volume, temperature, or the number of moles. It is often used in conjunction with other gas laws, such as Boyle's law, Charles's law, and Avogadro's law, to solve problems involving gases. The ideal gas law is also used in the design and operation of various systems, such as engines, refrigerators, and air conditioning units.

However, it is important to note that real gases do not always behave ideally, especially under conditions of high pressure or low temperature. In such cases, the ideal gas law may not provide accurate predictions, and more complex equations of state, such as the van der Waals equation, may be required. Despite its limitations, the ideal gas law remains a valuable tool in the study of gases and their behavior.