gumíbetegségek

Gumíbetegségek, or periodontal diseases, are infections that affect the tissues surrounding the teeth. These diseases are primarily caused by bacteria found in dental plaque. Plaque is a sticky film that constantly forms on teeth. If plaque is not removed regularly through brushing and flossing, it can harden into tartar, which is more difficult to remove.

The earliest stage of gum disease is gingivitis. In gingivitis, the gums become inflamed, red, and may bleed easily, especially during brushing. Gingivitis is usually painless and can often be reversed with good oral hygiene. However, if left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a more serious form of gum disease. In periodontitis, the inflammation extends below the gum line, causing the gums to pull away from the teeth and form pockets. These pockets can become infected and filled with pus. The body's immune response to the infection, along with toxins produced by the bacteria, begins to break down the bone and connective tissue that hold teeth in place. This can lead to teeth loosening, shifting, and eventually tooth loss.

Risk factors for developing gum disease include poor oral hygiene, smoking, diabetes, hormonal changes (like those during pregnancy), certain medications, and a genetic predisposition. Maintaining good oral hygiene, regular dental check-ups, and avoiding smoking are crucial for preventing and managing gum disease. Treatment for periodontitis often involves professional cleaning to remove plaque and tartar, and in more severe cases, surgical procedures may be necessary.