grundvallarréttindi

Grundvallarréttindi, or fundamental rights, refer to the basic civil and political rights protected for individuals within Icelandic law. They are primarily safeguarded by the Constitution of Iceland and by accompanying ordinary laws, and they are reinforced by Iceland’s international human rights obligations, notably the European Convention on Human Rights. These rights define the relationship between individuals and the state and are intended to protect human dignity, personal freedom, equality before the law, and the rule of law.

Typical grundvallarréttindi include the right to life and personal security; protection from torture and cruel or inhuman treatment; freedom of expression, assembly and association; freedom of religion and conscience; privacy and family life; equality before the law and non-discrimination; and the right to a fair and public hearing. Some social and economic aspects are also addressed in national law and policy, though they may be shaped by resources and policy choices. Rights may be exercised subject to legitimate limitations, which must be prescribed by law and be necessary, proportionate, and appropriate to the aim pursued.

Enforcement of grundvallarréttindi is through the judiciary and other state bodies, such as ombudsmen and data protection authorities. Citizens can challenge laws or executive actions they believe infringe fundamental rights before Icelandic courts, and in some cases, actions or interpretations may be reviewed in light of international obligations, including the European Court of Human Rights.