grimoire

A grimoire is a manual or textbook of magic, typically containing instructions for summoning spirits, conjuring angels or demons, creating talismans, and performing rituals. The word derives from French grimoire, historically associated with a book of spells and magical lore.

Historically, grimoires emerged in late antiquity and became widespread in medieval and early modern Europe. They were often compilations drawn from older magical, religious, and astrological traditions, with authorship frequently anonymous or attributed to legendary figures. Grimoires appeared in manuscript form and later in printed editions, reflecting evolving practices in occultism, demonology, and ceremonial magic. They have been studied as sources for understanding historical beliefs about magic, religion, and secrecy, and some have influenced contemporary occult movements.

Contents and structure commonly include invocations or conjurations, lists of spirits or demons with their seals or sigils, names of angels or gods, methods for creating talismans or magical squares, instructions for rituals tied to planetary hours or seasons, and guidelines for protective or divinatory practices. Symbols, diagrams, and practical cautions were often interwoven with theoretical descriptions of the powers invoked.

Notable examples frequently cited in studies include the Clavicula Salomonis (Key of Solomon), the Lemegeton (Lesser Key of Solomon), Grimorium Verum, the Book of Abramelin the Mage, and the Picatrix. In modern times, grimoires continue to be referenced in occult literature and are sometimes adapted into contemporary spellbooks or “books of shadows” within various esoteric traditions, while scholars analyze their historical provenance and cultural impact.