granddaughter

A granddaughter is a female grandchild, the daughter of one’s son or daughter. The term denotes the relationship between a person and the child of their child and is distinct from a grandson, which refers to a male grandchild. The plural forms are granddaughters or granddaughters.

Etymology and usage: The word combines grand-, indicating a generation above, with daughter, the female child. The prefix appears in other kin terms such as grandfather and grandmother. In everyday use, granddaughter can describe biological grandchildren as well as adopted or step-grandchildren when the appropriate qualifiers are applied (for example, step-granddaughter).

Relationship and roles: A granddaughter may be cared for by grandparents and may, in turn, participate in family activities, traditions, and caregiving roles. The exact dynamic varies widely by family, culture, and life stage. In many societies, granddaughters contribute to family life through affection, guidance, education, and support, while in others the relationship may be more informal.

Cultural and legal context: Across cultures, granddaughters hold varying social significance and responsibilities. Legal rights related to grandchildren—such as custody, visitation, and inheritance—are determined by jurisdiction and individual family circumstances rather than the term itself. The concept also applies to blended families, where a grandmother or grandfather has one or more granddaughters by birth, adoption, or stepfamily ties.

See also: Grandchild, Grandson, Family relationships.