glucokortikoid

Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that play a crucial role in various physiological processes within the body. They are produced by the adrenal cortex, primarily in response to stress. The most well-known and abundant endogenous glucocorticoid in humans is cortisol. Glucocorticoids exert their effects by binding to specific receptors found in cells throughout the body. This binding triggers a cascade of molecular events that influence gene expression, leading to changes in protein synthesis and cellular function.

Key functions of glucocorticoids include regulating metabolism, suppressing the immune system, and playing a role in the stress response. They help maintain blood glucose levels by promoting gluconeogenesis (the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources) and reducing glucose uptake by peripheral tissues. Their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties are significant, making them valuable in the treatment of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, this suppression of the immune system can also make individuals more susceptible to infections.

Synthetic glucocorticoids are widely used in medicine as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drugs. They are prescribed for conditions such as asthma, allergies, arthritis, and autoimmune disorders. While beneficial therapeutically, prolonged or high-dose use of glucocorticoids can lead to a range of side effects, including weight gain, osteoporosis, increased risk of infection, and mood changes. Careful management and monitoring are essential when using these potent medications.