glomerulaarhaigustes

Glomerulonephritis, often referred to as glomerulärhaigustes in Estonian, is a term encompassing a group of kidney diseases that affect the glomeruli. The glomeruli are tiny, intricate clusters of blood vessels within the kidneys responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluid from the blood to produce urine. When these structures become inflamed or damaged, their filtering capacity is impaired, leading to various health issues.

The causes of glomerulonephritis are diverse and can include infections, autoimmune diseases such as lupus or IgA nephropathy, and certain genetic conditions. In some instances, the cause may remain unknown, a condition termed idiopathic glomerulonephritis. Symptoms can vary widely, ranging from mild and asymptomatic to severe and life-threatening. Common signs may include blood in the urine (hematuria), protein in the urine (proteinuria), swelling in the legs, ankles, or face (edema), high blood pressure, and decreased urine output.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, urine tests to detect blood and protein, and blood tests to assess kidney function. A kidney biopsy may be performed to examine the glomeruli directly and determine the specific type and severity of the disease. Treatment strategies are tailored to the underlying cause and the individual's condition, and can include medications to manage blood pressure, reduce inflammation, or suppress the immune system. In cases of severe kidney damage, dialysis or a kidney transplant may become necessary. Early detection and appropriate management are crucial for preserving kidney function and preventing long-term complications.