gipse

Gipse is the mineral gypsum, consisting of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O). It forms by evaporation of saline waters in sedimentary basins and occurs in massive beds, veins, or crystal nodules. The mineral is typically white to gray and may be transparent to translucent with a vitreous to pearly luster. Gipse has a Mohs hardness of 2 and shows perfect cleavage in one direction, making it easy to cut or grind.

Gipse is widely used in construction and art. When heated to about 150°C, gipse loses water and becomes plaster of Paris (calcium sulfate hemihydrate), which sets quickly with water to form a hard mass. Gypsum and its derived products are used for plaster, plasterboard (drywall), cement additives, and as a soil conditioner due to its calcium and sulfur content. Alabaster is a fine-grained variety valued in sculpture and ornament.

Occurrence and deposits: gipse is mined from sedimentary evaporite formations; major producing regions include parts of North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Extraction is commonly open-pit; processing involves crushing, grinding, and calcination, followed by milling and product manufacturing.

History and economics: gypsum has been used since ancient times, and modern mining and manufacturing operate within regulatory frameworks to manage dust and energy use. Recycling and waste management are considered in new facilities and refurbishments, reflecting contemporary environmental and safety standards.

See also: Plaster, Gypsum board, Alabaster, Calcium sulfate.