gerontology

Gerontology is the interdisciplinary study of aging and older adults, examining biological, psychological, social, and economic aspects across the lifespan. It seeks to understand the processes of aging and their consequences for individuals, families, communities, and societies. Gerontology is distinct from geriatrics, which emphasizes medical care for older people; gerontology emphasizes research, policy, and practical applications across disciplines.

The field encompasses several subfields, including biogerontology (the biology of aging and longevity), social gerontology (social roles, aging, and policy), clinical gerontology (assessment and management of health in aging populations), environmental gerontology (places and contexts of aging, such as housing and transportation), and gerontechnology (technology to support aging). It integrates perspectives from medicine, psychology, sociology, public health, economics, and anthropology.

Key topics include aging physiology, cognitive aging, chronic diseases, mobility and independence, mental health, caregiving, elder abuse, retirement, housing, income security, and end-of-life care. Demographic trends such as population aging drive attention to healthspan, disability, long-term care, ageism, and social inclusion. Research methods commonly used are longitudinal and cross-sectional studies, cohort analyses, and the use of large-scale datasets.

Applications of gerontology inform clinical practice, public health, urban and housing planning, caregiver support, and policy development aimed at promoting healthy aging and aging in place. Education and practice span academia, healthcare, social services, and government, with degrees available in gerontology and related fields. The field has grown alongside demographic shifts and has several international professional organizations and networks.