gerincvelbetegségek

Gerincvelbetegségek encompasses a diverse range of conditions affecting the spinal cord. These can be congenital, acquired, or traumatic in nature. Congenital conditions, present from birth, include conditions like spina bifida, where the neural tube does not close completely. Acquired conditions develop over time and can be caused by various factors. Infections such as meningitis or myelitis can directly inflame or damage the spinal cord. Inflammatory diseases like multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica involve the immune system attacking the myelin sheath that protects nerve fibers. Degenerative diseases, including cervical spondylotic myelopathy and spinal stenosis, occur due to wear and tear on the spine, leading to compression of the spinal cord. Tumors, both benign and malignant, can arise within or press upon the spinal cord, disrupting its function. Vascular issues, like spinal strokes or arteriovenous malformations, can impair blood flow to the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, such as those from accidents or falls, can cause contusions, lacerations, or complete transection of the spinal cord, leading to paralysis and loss of sensation. Symptoms of gerincvelbetegségek vary widely depending on the location and severity of the damage, and may include weakness, numbness, tingling, pain, loss of bowel or bladder control, and difficulty with coordination. Diagnosis often involves neurological examinations, imaging techniques like MRI and CT scans, and sometimes spinal fluid analysis. Treatment strategies are tailored to the specific condition and may involve medication, surgery, physical therapy, and rehabilitation.