gerincbetegségek

Gerincbetegségek, or spinal diseases, encompass a wide range of conditions affecting the vertebral column. These can be broadly categorized into structural abnormalities, degenerative conditions, inflammatory diseases, and those caused by trauma or infection. Common structural issues include scoliosis, a lateral curvature of the spine, and kyphosis, an excessive outward curvature of the upper back. Congenital abnormalities can also present at birth, affecting the development of the vertebrae.

Degenerative diseases are prevalent, particularly with aging. Herniated discs, where the soft inner material of an intervertebral disc protrudes, can press on nerves, causing pain and neurological symptoms. Osteoarthritis of the spine, also known as spondylosis, involves the breakdown of cartilage in the facet joints, leading to stiffness and pain. Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal, which can compress the spinal cord or nerve roots.

Inflammatory conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis primarily affect the spine, causing inflammation and fusion of the vertebrae, leading to reduced mobility. Infections can also target the spine, leading to osteomyelitis (bone infection) or discitis (infection of the intervertebral disc). Traumatic injuries, including fractures and dislocations, can result from accidents and severe impact, potentially causing significant damage to the spinal cord. Symptoms of gerincbetegségek vary widely but often include back pain, neck pain, stiffness, numbness, weakness, and in severe cases, loss of motor function or bladder and bowel control. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and imaging studies like X-rays, MRI, or CT scans. Treatment approaches depend on the specific condition and its severity, ranging from conservative methods like physical therapy, medication, and lifestyle modifications to surgical interventions.