geoparks

Geoparks are defined as territories with significant geological heritage that are managed through a unified strategy to conserve geodiversity, educate the public, and promote sustainable development through geotourism. They may be designated at national or international levels. UNESCO Global Geoparks are a distinct subset designated by UNESCO under its Global Geoparks Programme, in cooperation with the Global Geoparks Network. Non-UNESCO geoparks exist under national authorities or regional networks.

Geoparks emphasize landscape-scale conservation of rocks, fossils, minerals, soils, and landforms, together with associated biodiversity and cultural heritage. The core aims include protecting geological sites, providing interpretation and education, fostering scientific research, and supporting local economies through sustainable tourism. Many geoparks also use geotourism to encourage local participation, traditional crafts, and job opportunities.

Designation criteria for UNESCO Global Geoparks require: clear geological significance and representativeness of the region; a management plan that protects sites and engages stakeholders; programs for public education and interpretation; monitoring and reporting; and a strategy for sustainable development that benefits local communities. The process involves technical review by experts and endorsement by national authorities.

Geoparks operate across continents, with manifold landscapes, fossil-bearing formations, and tectonic features. They differ from national or nature parks in that their focus is geodiversity and education alongside community development, and they often cover multiple municipalities rather than a single protected area.