gazlar

Gazlar, in Turkish, means gases. In science, a gas is a state of matter characterized by indefinite shape and volume; its particles move freely, collide, and spread to fill the space available. Gases generally have lower density than liquids or solids and can be compressed or expanded more readily than other states.

Gases can be pure substances or mixtures. Their behavior is commonly described by gas laws, including Boyle's law (pressure and volume at constant temperature), Charles's law (volume and temperature at constant pressure), and Avogadro's principle (equal volumes of gases contain the same number of particles). The ideal gas law PV = nRT provides a useful, though approximate, relation among these variables.

Real gases deviate from ideal behavior under high pressure or low temperature due to molecular interactions and finite molecular size; corrections lead to models such as the van der Waals equation.

Common gases include nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and methane. The Earth's atmosphere is a mixture of gases dominated by nitrogen and oxygen, with smaller amounts of argon, carbon dioxide, neon, and other species.

Uses of gases span industry and daily life: respiration, chemical synthesis, welding and cutting with acetylene, refrigeration with refrigerants, and the use of natural gas as an energy source. Noble gases are employed in lighting and shielding applications.

Environmental and safety considerations include greenhouse effects from CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide, as well as the risk posed by toxic or reactive gases. Safe handling relies on appropriate storage, ventilation, and detection equipment.