gastroösofageaalse

Gastroösofageaalse reflux disease, commonly known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a chronic condition characterized by the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus. This reflux can cause a range of symptoms, including heartburn, regurgitation, and chronic cough. The primary cause of GERD is the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular ring that normally prevents stomach acid from entering the esophagus.

GERD can be classified into two main types: nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) and erosive esophagitis. NERD is characterized by symptoms without visible damage to the esophagus, while erosive esophagitis involves visible damage such as ulcers or inflammation.

Risk factors for GERD include obesity, pregnancy, smoking, certain medications, and lifestyle factors such as eating large meals or lying down immediately after eating. Diagnosis typically involves endoscopy, pH monitoring, or esophageal manometry.

Treatment options for GERD range from lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes and weight loss, to medications like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 blockers. In severe cases, surgical interventions may be considered. Managing GERD effectively can significantly improve quality of life by reducing symptoms and preventing complications.