gaspurification

Gas purification refers to processes that remove contaminants from gas streams to achieve a specified purity level. It is essential in petrochemical processing, natural gas production, electronics manufacturing, and medical gas supply, where impurities can corrode equipment, poison catalysts, or compromise product quality.

Common contaminants include moisture, oxygen, particulates, sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, VOCs, hydrocarbons, halogenated compounds, and mercury. Contaminant profiles vary with feed gas and regulatory requirements.

Purification technologies include adsorption (pressure or temperature swing using activated carbon or zeolites), absorption (chemical solvents for CO2 and H2S; glycol dehydration for water removal), membrane separation, and cryogenic distillation. Pretreatment such as filtration protects equipment and improves process efficiency.

Key equipment includes adsorption beds, absorbers, membrane modules, dryers, filters, and distillation columns. Design considerations cover regeneration energy, solvent management, and safe handling of hazardous materials.

Applications span natural gas sweetening, refinery gas purification, biogas upgrading, semiconductor process gases, and medical or laboratory gases. Purity is specified by standards and verified with moisture analyzers, oxygen sensors, and chromatographic methods.

Environmental and safety concerns include managing waste from regeneration, minimizing energy use, and handling hazardous materials with appropriate controls.