garða

Garúa is a light mist, drizzle, or fog that settles along the western coast of South America, most notably in Lima, Peru, and parts of northern Chile. The phenomenon creates a damp, cool, and cloudy atmosphere that can persist for long periods, reducing sunlight and visibility and leaving surfaces damp. It is a defining feature of the region’s winter climate and is often described as a persistent, low-hanging cloud layer.

Formation and seasonality: Garúa forms when humid air from the Pacific Ocean moves inland but is cooled by the cold Humboldt Current and by a coastal temperature inversion. This causes condensation at low levels, producing a fog bank or drizzle rather than heavy rain. In Peru, garúa is most common during the austral winter, roughly May through October, though its intensity and duration vary with oceanic conditions. The phenomenon can be accompanied by high humidity and cooler daytime temperatures.

Impacts and cultural context: In desert coastal zones, garúa provides a source of moisture that influences microclimates, vegetation, and urban dampness. It affects daily life, clothing choices, and transportation, and can influence agricultural practices by reducing evaporation. Culturally, garúa is a familiar element in Peruvian and northern Chilean life and is often referenced in literature and music to evoke a melancholic, mist-shrouded atmosphere.

Etymology and related terms: The word garúa comes from Spanish, used to describe mist or drizzle. It is related to other fog-related phenomena such as fog, mist, and drizzle.