gardenia

Gardenia is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family Rubiaceae. The genus comprises about 140 species of evergreen shrubs and small trees native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Australasia. Gardenias are cultivated for glossy leaves and highly fragrant flowers that are typically white; the genus name honors Alexander Garden, an 18th-century naturalist who described some Gardenia species.

Most gardenias are evergreen with opposite, glossy leaves. The flowers are large, funnel-shaped or double with dense petals and a strong sweet fragrance. Bloom times vary by species and climate, but in temperate regions gardenias usually flower from late spring to summer; in warmer climates some cultivars may bloom for extended periods or year-round.

For cultivation, gardenias prefer acidic, well-drained soil rich in organic matter and high humidity. They need bright light with some protection from hot afternoon sun in warm climates and are sensitive to cold and frost. Maintain evenly moist soil and avoid waterlogging. Fertilize with an acidifying fertilizer in spring and summer. Pruning after flowering helps maintain shape and promote rebloom. Propagation is commonly done by semi-hardwood cuttings or air layering.

Gardenias are popular ornamental plants in gardens, borders, and containers, valued for fragrance and aesthetic appeal. Cut flowers are used in arrangements and in perfumery. Numerous cultivars have been developed for differences in size, flower form, and fragrance, including compact varieties suited to containers and hedges.