földimogyoró

Földimogyoró, or peanut, is the edible seed of the legume plant Arachis hypogaea. It is grown as an annual crop in warm climates and is widely used for direct consumption as a snack, and as an ingredient in foods such as peanut butter, confectionery, and oil.

Botanically, the plant is an herb with pinnate leaves and yellow flowers that appear above ground. After flowering, the plant’s slender stalks, or pegs, push into the soil where the pods develop underground. Each pod typically contains two to four seeds. Peanuts are often classified into market types such as runner, Virginia, Spanish, and Valencia, which differ in kernel size and roasting characteristics.

Cultivation requirements and farming practices emphasize a warm growing season, well-drained soil, and adequate moisture. Being a legume, the crop can fix atmospheric nitrogen in cooperation with soil bacteria, which can improve soil fertility for subsequent crops. Peanuts are grown in many regions of Asia, Africa, the Americas, and parts of Europe; major producers include China, India, and the United States. Harvesting occurs when pods mature and the plant dries.

In addition to作为 snacks, peanuts are pressed to produce peanut oil, and the residual meal is used for animal feed. Nutritionally, peanuts are energy-dense, rich in protein, healthy fats, fiber, and micronutrients such as niacin, vitamin E, magnesium, and phosphorus. They are a common allergen and can be affected by aflatoxin contamination if stored improperly, underscoring the importance of proper drying and storage.