furunkels

A furuncle, commonly known as a boil, is a painful skin infection that originates in a hair follicle and spreads to surrounding tissue. The infection causes a reddened, tender bump that often enlarges and fills with pus as it progresses. The plural form is furuncles.

Most boils are caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, including some antibiotic-resistant strains such as MRSA in certain settings. The bacteria enter the skin through tiny cuts or follicle openings and provoke an inflammatory response that leads to accumulation of pus and tissue destruction around the follicle.

Symptoms typically begin as a red, tender lump. Over a day or two, it becomes firm, swollen, and very painful, with a yellow or white center that may drain pus. Nearby lymph nodes can enlarge. Fever or malaise are uncommon unless several boils are present or the infection spreads to deeper tissues (cellulitis).

Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on the appearance and location of the lesion. Cultures may be taken if there is concern for unusual organisms or recurrent, severe infections, or if MRSA is suspected.

Treatment aims to relieve pain and promote drainage. For small boils, warm compresses several times daily can help them come to a head and drain on their own. Do not squeeze or puncture boils. Larger boils or those with extensive surrounding redness, fever, or signs of infection distal to the area may require incision and drainage by a clinician, sometimes followed by antibiotics if indicated. Good hygiene and avoiding sharing personal items reduce spread and recurrence.

Prevention focuses on keeping skin clean, avoiding trauma, and addressing carriers of Staphylococcus aureus where appropriate. Boils typically heal within one to three weeks, though recurrence is possible. Seek medical attention for unusually large boils, systemic symptoms, or if you have diabetes, a compromised immune system, or a newborn or elderly patient.