fristlos

Fristlos is a German term used to describe something that occurs without a fixed time limit or without observing a notice period. The word combines Frist (deadline or term) and los (without). In everyday and legal language it is applied to contracts, terminations, or actions that take effect immediately or without a defined term.

In employment law, a fristlos termination refers to a termination with immediate effect, i.e., without the usual notice period. Under German law (BGB § 626), a termination without notice is possible for an important reason. The terminating party must typically substantiate the reason (for example serious misconduct or breach of duties). Fristlos resignations by an employee are possible but usually require a justified cause; otherwise a standard notice period applies. The right to fristlos termination is balanced by procedural requirements and potential risk of claims for damages if used improperly.

In tenancy law, fristlose Kündigung is the extraordinary, immediate termination of a lease due to a gravely serious breach by the other party, such as non-payment of rent or repeated violations of the lease. It is governed by applicable statutory provisions and court practice, and is typically reserved for situations where continuation of the tenancy is considered intolerable. Each party must generally demonstrate a compelling reason; improper use can lead to disputes or damages.

Beyond employment and tenancy, the term can describe contracts or arrangements without a preset end date or without a required notice, such as an unbefristeter (indefinite) contract or immediate action in other civil agreements.

See also: Kündigung, Frist, Außerordentliche Kündigung, BGB.