fraternity

Fraternity is a male-dominated social organization at colleges and universities in many countries, especially in North America. In the United States and Canada, fraternities typically use Greek-letter names and operate as chapters within a national or international federation. The term can also refer to women’s or mixed-gender organizations; in common usage, however, "fraternity" denotes male social groups, while "sorority" denotes female ones.

Most fraternities are exclusive to students of a university or college, inviting new members through a recruitment process. A chapter governs itself with student officers, elected by members. Many fraternities maintain a residential house for members and run programs that combine social events, academic support, leadership training, and community service. Philanthropy and fundraising are common activities, and alumni networks provide lifelong connections.

Historically, fraternities emerged in the late 18th and 19th centuries, with Phi Beta Kappa as an early example. They expanded rapidly in the 20th century but have faced scrutiny over hazing, alcohol use, and exclusivity. To address concerns, many institutions have instituted anti-hazing policies, safety guidelines, and restrictions on alcohol; some chapters close or are suspended. Critics point to selective membership, financial burdens, and safety risks; supporters argue that fraternities offer mentorship, civic engagement, scholastic resources, and social development.

Globally, the fraternity concept appears primarily in higher education contexts, with varying forms and prevalence. While Greek-letter fraternities remain prominent in North America, other countries may host student clubs or honor societies that serve related functions without Greek branding.