fotonikas

Fotonikas is the study and technology of light-based systems, focusing on generating, controlling, and detecting photons. In many languages, fotonikas is the term for photonics, the field that underpins light-based science and engineering.

Core areas include light sources (lasers, LEDs), optical transmission and manipulation (waveguides, fibers, photonic integrated circuits), detectors and sensors, and methods for shaping light at micro- and nano-scales (nanophotonics, plasmonics). The field also encompasses quantum photonics, which explores information processing with individual photons, and biophotonics, which applies light-based techniques to life sciences. Materials platforms include silicon photonics and other semiconductor-based approaches that enable integration with electronics.

Applications span communications, medical imaging and therapy, environmental sensing and metrology, industrial processing, and consumer electronics. Notable technologies include fiber-optic networks, optical coherence tomography, LiDAR, and spectroscopic sensing. The discipline intersects with electronics, materials science, chemistry, and computer science, driving cross-disciplinary collaboration.

Education and research occur in universities, national laboratories, and industry labs worldwide. Programs offer bachelor's, master's, and doctoral studies in fotonikas or photonics, with continuing education and professional training in photonic device fabrication and system design. Industry partners support development of photonic integrated circuits and applications, while safety guidelines—especially laser safety—guide research and product deployment, alongside international standards for measurement and interoperability.