fordómur

Fordómur is a term in Icelandic that denotes a prejudiced attitude or bias toward a person or group, often formed on incomplete information or stereotypes rather than experience. It can be explicit or implicit and may contribute to discriminatory behavior, social exclusion, or unequal treatment. Fordómur encompasses preferences or aversions based on characteristics such as race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, nationality, age, disability, or social class. In academic contexts it is distinguished from discrimination (actions) and from stigma; it is the internal attitude that can underlie biased conduct.

Originating from for- "before" and dómur "judgment," the term parallels the English prejudice. The plural fordómar is used for prejudicial attitudes in general, while fordómur as singular refers to a specific prejudicial stance.

In Icelandic discourse, fordómur is discussed in education, media, and law, as part of efforts to promote equality and inclusive societies. Researchers study fordómur as both explicit attitudes and implicit biases; tools such as surveys and implicit association tests are used to assess it. Reducing fordómur involves education that challenges stereotypes, intergroup contact, perspective-taking, media literacy, and institutional measures to ensure equal treatment. Critics caution that addressing fordómur requires acknowledging structural factors and avoiding simplistic blame of individuals.