fluoroquinoloonide

Fluoroquinolones are a class of synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs. They work by inhibiting bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination, primarily through targeting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. This mechanism makes them effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Commonly prescribed fluoroquinolones include ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and azithromycin (though azithromycin is more commonly classified as a macrolide, it shares some structural similarities and a broad spectrum). These drugs are used to treat various infections such as urinary tract infections, pneumonia, sinusitis, and skin infections. They are typically administered orally or intravenously.

Despite their efficacy, fluoroquinolones are associated with several potential side effects. These can range from gastrointestinal disturbances and headaches to more serious adverse events like tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and central nervous system effects including dizziness and confusion. In rare cases, they have been linked to cardiovascular issues such as QT interval prolongation. Due to these risks, fluoroquinolones are often reserved for situations where other antibiotic options are not suitable or effective. Their use is generally discouraged in children and adolescents due to concerns about cartilage development.