fluorideihin

Fluorides are chemical compounds containing fluoride (F−) or fluorine atoms in the -1 oxidation state. They include inorganic salts such as calcium fluoride (CaF2) and sodium fluoride (NaF), as well as various organofluorine compounds. In Finnish, fluorideihin is the plural form for fluorides.

Natural sources include minerals like fluorite (CaF2). Industry produces fluorides from fluoride-bearing minerals, often via hydrofluoric acid routes or the synthesis of metal fluorides, which serve a variety of technical uses.

Common applications include water fluoridation and fluoride-containing dental products to reduce tooth decay; aluminum production using cryolite; glass and metal surface treatment; and the manufacture of refrigerants, solvents, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals.

Health and safety: Low-level fluoride exposure benefits dental health, but excessive intake can cause dental fluorosis in children and skeletal fluorosis with long-term exposure. Acute poisoning is possible and hydrofluoric acid is highly corrosive, requiring careful handling.

Environmental and regulatory aspects: Fluoride releases are controlled to protect air, water, and ecosystems. Many countries set limits for fluoride in drinking water and industrial discharges and require monitoring.

History: Fluorine was isolated in 1886 by Henri Moissan; fluoride applications expanded in health and industry in the 20th century.