fletchings

Fletching is the component of an arrow or bolt that provides stabilization in flight. It consists of feathers or vanes attached to the shaft near the rear and extending toward the back of the shaft. Historically, fletchings were natural bird feathers; modern arrows often use synthetic vanes or manufactured feathers.

Materials and forms vary. Feathers, typically from turkey or goose, are flexible and forgiving at lower speeds or in variable conditions. Synthetic vanes are rigid, weather-resistant, and offer consistent performance at higher speeds. Most arrows use three fletchings, though four can be used for added stability or clearance in some setups. Fletchings can be installed straight, or with a twist such as a right- or left-hand helical, which imparts spin to stabilize the flight. Parallel or angled (offset) arrangements also influence stability and noise.

Orientation and alignment are important. Straight fletching aligns with the shaft axis, while offset or helical fletching creates a slight yaw, promoting gyroscopic stability and wind resistance characteristics. The choice of three versus four fletchings, as well as the degree of twist, depends on Bow type, arrow speed, arrow spine, desired tune, and flight consistency.

Attachment and maintenance are straightforward but critical. Fletchings are glued to the shaft and may be reinforced with adhesive tape or bands. They must be aligned correctly to avoid contact with the nock or arrow components during release. Over time, fletchings can become damaged by impact or weather and may require replacement to restore consistent flight.