feszültségkoncentráció

Feszültségkoncentráció, also known as stress concentration, is a phenomenon in materials science and engineering where the stress in a material is significantly higher in a localized area compared to the nominal stress applied. This localized stress can lead to premature failure of the material, even if the overall stress level is below the material's yield strength.

Stress concentration can occur due to various factors, including geometric discontinuities such as holes, notches, or changes in cross-sectional area. These discontinuities create areas of high stress, known as stress raisers, which can initiate cracks and propagate them, leading to failure.

The severity of stress concentration is often characterized by the stress concentration factor (Kt), which is the ratio of the maximum local stress to the nominal stress. A higher Kt value indicates a more severe stress concentration.

To mitigate stress concentration, engineers often use techniques such as filleting, rounding corners, or using stress-relieving notches. These methods help to distribute the stress more evenly across the material, reducing the likelihood of failure.

Understanding and managing stress concentration is crucial in the design and analysis of structures and components, as it can significantly impact their strength and durability.