fenoldopam

Fenoldopam mesylate is a peripheral dopamine D1 receptor agonist used as an antihypertensive agent in acute hypertensive crises. It acts as a selective arteriolar vasodilator, reducing systemic vascular resistance while increasing renal perfusion. Activation of D1 receptors in renal and mesenteric vessels promotes natriuresis and diuresis, and the drug typically does not raise intracranial pressure.

Clinical use and indications include management of hypertensive emergencies to achieve rapid, controlled blood pressure reduction. Fenoldopam is also employed to help protect renal function in patients with acute kidney injury or during perioperative periods when maintaining renal perfusion is desirable. It is administered intravenously and usually given as a continuous infusion, with the dose titrated to achieve the target blood pressure while avoiding excessive hypotension. The drug has a rapid onset and a short duration of action, so effects subside promptly after the infusion is stopped. Ongoing monitoring of blood pressure, heart rate, and urine output is standard practice during administration.

Contraindications and warnings include hypersensitivity to fenoldopam or its components. Use with caution in patients at risk of tachyarrhythmias, severe hypotension, or significant volume depletion. As with any vasodilator, there is potential for reflex tachycardia and hypotension, and patients should be closely monitored for these effects during infusion.

Adverse effects commonly observed include headache, flushing, dizziness, tachycardia, hypotension, and nausea. Less frequently, patients may experience palpitations or edema. Fenoldopam is marketed under brand names such as Corlopam in some regions.