femoralaccess

Femoral access refers to the technique of gaining entry into the vascular system through the femoral artery or vein, which are located in the groin. This approach is commonly used in medical procedures, particularly those involving the heart and blood vessels. Catheters, guidewires, and other interventional devices are inserted through the femoral access site to reach various parts of the body.

The femoral artery is typically accessed for diagnostic and interventional cardiology procedures such as coronary angiography and angioplasty. It is also used for peripheral vascular interventions. Femoral venous access is often employed for procedures like central venous catheter placement, electrophysiology studies, and temporary pacemaker insertion.

The procedure involves sterile preparation of the skin in the groin area. Local anesthetic is administered to numb the site. A needle is then used to puncture the chosen blood vessel, followed by the insertion of a guidewire. Once the guidewire is in place, a sheath or introducer is advanced over it, creating a stable port for the subsequent passage of medical devices.

After the procedure is complete, the sheath is removed, and hemostasis, or the stopping of bleeding, is achieved. This can be done manually by applying pressure or with the use of closure devices. Potential complications, though generally infrequent, include bleeding, hematoma formation, pseudoaneurysm, infection, and arterial or venous thrombosis. Careful patient selection and meticulous technique are crucial for minimizing these risks.