félvezetn

A félvezetn is a material that has an electrical conductivity between that of a conductor, such as copper, and that of an insulator, such as glass. This intermediate conductivity can be manipulated under the right conditions, making semiconductors essential components in modern electronic devices. The behavior of charge carriers, which can be electrons or holes, within a semiconductor is key to its function.

The electrical properties of a félvezetn are highly sensitive to impurities, a process known as doping. Adding specific impurities can increase the number of free electrons (n-type doping) or increase the number of holes (p-type doping). These doped regions are fundamental to creating semiconductor devices like diodes and transistors.

Semiconductors are categorized by their band gap, which is the energy difference between the valence band and the conduction band. Materials with small band gaps are more conductive, while those with larger band gaps are more insulating. Common semiconductor materials include silicon, germanium, and various compound semiconductors like gallium arsenide. Their unique properties allow for the control and amplification of electrical signals, forming the basis of integrated circuits, microprocessors, and countless other electronic applications that shape our daily lives.