existenciálizmus

Existentialism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice. It posits that humans are born without a predetermined purpose or essence, and that individuals create their own meaning in life through their actions and decisions. Key tenets include the idea of "existence precedes essence," meaning that people first exist and then define themselves through their choices and experiences. This freedom is often accompanied by a sense of responsibility and the potential for anxiety or dread, as individuals confront the vastness of their choices and the absence of inherent guidance.

Major figures associated with existentialism include Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, Simone de Beauvoir, and Søren Kierkegaard, though their interpretations and emphases vary. Sartre famously argued that humans are "condemned to be free," highlighting the burden of this absolute liberty. Camus explored the concept of the absurd, the conflict between humanity's search for meaning and the universe's apparent lack of it, proposing revolt and passion as responses. De Beauvoir applied existentialist principles to feminist thought, emphasizing women's self-creation and liberation from societal constraints. Kierkegaard, often considered a precursor, focused on subjective truth and the individual's leap of faith in the face of uncertainty. Existentialism often grapples with themes of alienation, death, and the search for authenticity in a world perceived as indifferent or meaningless.