exclusum

Exclusum is the neuter singular form of the Latin past participle exclusus, meaning “excluded.” It is derived from ex- “out” plus cludere “to close” and belongs to the wider group of Latin participles that function as adjectives. As a participial adjective, exclusum means “excluded” and agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies; the masculine form is exclusus, the feminine exclusa, and the neuter exclusum. In Latin, the neuter singular often serves as a substantive when the noun is omitted, allowing exclusum to refer to an excluded thing or item in a list or discussion. The term frequently appears in legal, academic, or scholastic Latin to indicate something that lies outside a specified set, exemption, or omission.

In philology and historical linguistics, exclusum is typically discussed as a grammatical form rather than as an independent lexical item in classical Latin. It persists in medieval and later Latin as part of the paradigm for excludere derivatives and related words in Romance languages, such as Italian escluso, Spanish excluido, and French exclu. In modern English-language reference works, exclusum is encountered mainly in discussions of Latin grammar or in glosses rather than as a word used in ordinary prose.

See also: excludere, exclusio, exclusion. References commonly cited for further reading include the Latin dictionaries and grammars such as Lewis and Short and standard Latin grammar texts.