eutrofizációs

Eutrofizáció refers to the process by which a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus. This enrichment leads to an excessive growth of algae and aquatic plants, a phenomenon known as algal bloom. As these organisms die and decompose, the bacteria responsible for the decomposition consume large amounts of dissolved oxygen in the water. This depletion of oxygen, or hypoxia, can create "dead zones" where most aquatic life cannot survive.

The primary sources of excess nutrients are often human activities, including agricultural runoff containing fertilizers and animal waste, as well as sewage and industrial wastewater discharges. Natural processes can also contribute to eutrophication, but human-induced eutrophication is generally much more rapid and severe.

Symptoms of eutrophic waters include cloudy water, reduced water clarity, frequent algal blooms, and fish kills due to oxygen depletion. The ecological consequences can be significant, impacting biodiversity and the overall health of aquatic ecosystems. Management strategies often focus on reducing nutrient inputs from various sources, such as improving wastewater treatment, implementing better agricultural practices, and controlling urban runoff.