eulipotyphlans

Eulipotyphlans are a diverse order of placental mammals comprising over 400 species. Historically, this group was known as Insectivora, but molecular and morphological data led to its reclassification. The order is divided into several families, including Solenodontidae, the hedgehogs (Erinaceidae), the shrews (Soricidae), and the moles (Talpidae). These animals are found on every continent except Antarctica and Australia, though their presence in Australia is due to introductions by humans.

Eulipotyphlans are characterized by their generally small size, elongated snouts, and often sharp, small teeth adapted for consuming invertebrates. Their diet is primarily insectivorous, but many species also eat other small animals, eggs, and plant matter. They inhabit a wide range of environments, from forests and grasslands to deserts and even aquatic habitats, depending on the species. Many are nocturnal or crepuscular, with keen senses of smell and touch to navigate and find prey.

Several eulipotyphlan species possess unique adaptations. The solenodons, for example, are among the few venomous mammals. Moles are renowned for their subterranean lifestyles, with powerful limbs for digging. Hedgehogs are known for their defensive spiny coats. Despite their commonality and ecological importance, many eulipotyphlan species face threats from habitat loss, pollution, and invasive species, leading to conservation concerns for some.