etnocentrismo

Etnocentrismo refers to the tendency of individuals or groups to evaluate other cultures, societies, or behaviors based on the standards, values, and norms of their own ethnic or cultural group. This perspective often leads to the belief that one’s own cultural practices, traditions, and beliefs are superior or more correct than those of others. The term originates from the Greek words *ethnos* (meaning "people" or "nation") and *centrum* (meaning "center"), literally translating to "centered in one’s own culture."

Etnocentrismo can manifest in various ways, including the dismissal of foreign customs as primitive or irrational, the assumption that one’s language is the most logical or advanced, or the belief that one’s moral or ethical standards are universally applicable. While some degree of cultural bias is natural, extreme etnocentrismo can foster prejudice, discrimination, and conflict between groups. It may also hinder cross-cultural understanding and cooperation, as individuals may resist adapting to or learning from other ways of life.

The concept was first systematically analyzed by anthropologists in the early 20th century, particularly through the work of figures like William Graham Sumner, who defined it as the "view of things in which one's own group is the center of everything, and all others are rated in reference to it." Later scholars, such as Ralph Linton, expanded on the idea, emphasizing how etnocentrismo shapes social norms and group identity.

Critics argue that etnocentrismo can reinforce power imbalances, as dominant cultures often impose their values on marginalized groups. Conversely, some argue that cultural pride—when balanced with openness—can foster a sense of belonging and cohesion within a community. Recognizing and challenging etnocentrismo is considered essential for promoting cultural relativism, mutual respect, and global harmony.