ethoxyethane

Ethoxyethane, commonly known as diethyl ether, is an organic compound with the formula C4H10O. It is a colorless, highly volatile liquid with a characteristic sweet odor. It is highly flammable and forms explosive peroxides upon prolonged exposure to air and light. Because of these hazards, storage is typically in tightly closed containers away from heat, ignition sources, and oxidizers, often with stabilizers to inhibit peroxide formation.

Diethyl ether has a low boiling point of 34.6 °C, which means it readily vaporizes at room temperature and has a high vapor pressure. It is immiscible with water and dissolves many nonpolar organic compounds, making it a versatile solvent for organic synthesis and extraction. It is miscible with many other organic solvents and is commonly used for reactions and separations that benefit from its low dielectric constant and relatively nonpolar environment.

Synthesis and occurrence: Ethoxyethane is produced industrially by the acid-catalyzed dehydration of ethanol, typically using sulfuric or phosphoric acid as a catalyst. It has a long history of use in medicine and chemistry; it was historically employed as a general anesthetic, but safety concerns have limited its medical use in favor of other agents.

Uses: In modern practice, diethyl ether is primarily valued as a laboratory and industrial solvent. It is also used as a starting fluid for engines and, in some cases, as a nonpolar extraction solvent in chromatography and purification workflows.

Safety and environmental notes: Diethyl ether is a volatile organic compound and poses inhalation and fire hazards. It should be handled with appropriate ventilation, insulation from ignition sources, and proper storage to minimize peroxide formation and exposure.