ethnicization

Ethnicization refers to the process by which a group of people comes to be defined as or to define themselves as an ethnic group. This can involve the development of shared cultural practices, beliefs, languages, or a sense of common ancestry, which may or may not be historically accurate. It is a social and political process, not a natural or biological one.

The concept of ethnicization is distinct from ethnicity itself, which is the state of belonging to an ethnic group. Ethnicization highlights the dynamic and often contested nature of ethnic identity. It can occur through internal self-identification or through external imposition by dominant groups, often for purposes of social stratification, political mobilization, or control.

Factors that contribute to ethnicization include migration, intergroup contact, political movements, and the creation of nation-states. When groups interact, they may emphasize certain cultural markers to distinguish themselves from others, leading to the solidification of ethnic boundaries. Conversely, ethnicization can also be a tool used by a dominant group to categorize and subordinate minority populations, attributing specific characteristics to them based on perceived shared traits. This process can lead to the creation of stereotypes and prejudice. Understanding ethnicization is crucial for analyzing social relations, conflict, and the formation of identities in diverse societies.