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Ethanoic acid, commonly known as acetic acid, is a chemical compound with the formula CH3COOH. It is an organic acid and is the main component of vinegar, apart from water. Ethanoic acid is a colorless liquid with a pungent smell and a sour taste. It is a weak acid, meaning it does not fully dissociate in water.

The chemical structure of ethanoic acid consists of a methyl group (CH3) attached to a carboxyl group (COOH). The carboxyl group is responsible for its acidic properties, as it can donate a proton (H+) in solution. Ethanoic acid is soluble in water and many organic solvents.

Ethanoic acid has numerous applications. It is used as a solvent in the production of plastics, textiles, and pharmaceuticals. It is also used as a food additive (E260) for preservation and as a flavoring agent in vinegar. In laboratories, it is often used as a reagent in chemical synthesis and analysis.

Industrially, ethanoic acid is produced through various methods, including the oxidation of acetaldehyde and the carbonylation of methanol. It is also produced by the fermentation of ethanol by acetic acid bacteria. This latter process is how vinegar is made.

While generally safe for consumption in diluted forms like vinegar, concentrated ethanoic acid can be corrosive and irritating to skin and eyes.