E260

E260 is the European food additive designation for acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid or vinegar acid. It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic sour odor. Its chemical formula is C2H4O2 and its CAS number is 64-19-7.

In food production, E260 is approved as an acidity regulator and preservative in a range of products. It helps adjust pH and can act as an antimicrobial at certain concentrations. It is commonly used in pickled vegetables, sauces and dressings, condiments, relishes, and vinegar-based products, and is sometimes added to beverages to impart tartness.

Properties and production: Acetic acid is miscible with water and has a boiling point of 118.1°C. Industrially, it is produced mainly by carbonylation of methanol (the Monsanto/Cativa processes) to form acetic acid; it can also arise from fermentation or oxidation of ethanol.

Safety and handling: Acetic acid is corrosive and can cause severe irritation or chemical burns to skin and eyes. Vapors may irritate the respiratory tract. It should be stored in compatible containers, away from bases and strong oxidizers, in a cool, well-ventilated area.

Regulation: E260 is widely permitted as a food additive under EU regulations and in many other jurisdictions, with maximum levels varying by product. The designation on labels indicates its role as an acidity regulator and preservative rather than a flavor enhancer.