epiploicae

Epiploicae, also known as epiploic appendages or omental appendages, are small, fat-filled peritoneal pouches that hang from the external surface of the colon, primarily along the teniae coli. These structures are variable in number and size, typically measuring from 1 to 4 centimeters in length.

Embryologically, epiploicae are composed of visceral fat covered by peritoneum. They are most prominent along the transverse and sigmoid colon and are less numerous along the ascending and descending parts. The exact function of epiploicae is not fully understood; however, they are believed to serve roles in insulation, cushioning of the colon, and possibly in immune responses or fat storage.

Anatomically, each epiploic appendage contains a small arterial supply derived from branches of the vasa recta of the colon, and they drain venous blood via small veins. These structures are typically mobile and can sometimes become inflamed or torsed, leading to conditions such as epiploic appendagitis, which presents with acute abdominal pain similar to appendicitis or diverticulitis.

Clinically, epiploicae are usually asymptomatic and of no concern, but their inflammation or torsion can result in localized abdominal pain. Diagnosis of epiploic appendagitis can often be made through imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT), where characteristic signs include fat-density ovoid lesions adjacent to the colon with surrounding inflammatory changes.

Overall, epiploicae are small, fat-laden structures with potential clinical significance mainly when they undergo pathological changes such as inflammation or torsion.