epika

Epika is a term used in literary studies to denote the branch of literature that deals with epic narrative. In contrast to lirika (lyric poetry) and drama, epika covers works that tell comprehensive, action-centered stories of heroic deeds, historical events, or mythic cycles. The scope can include poetry and prose, depending on the linguistic tradition.

Origin and usage: The word derives from the Greek epikos, from epos meaning "story, tale," and the suffix -ika, forming a general designation for the field of epic narrative. In many European languages—such as Russian, Polish, Croatian, Slovenian, and Serbian—epika refers to the broad category that includes epic poems as well as long prose narratives like novels and novellas.

Forms and examples: Classical epics such as the Iliad and the Odyssey are typical examples, as are other ancient or medieval long narratives like the Mahabharata or the Ramayana, and the Nibelungenlied in German tradition. In later literature, epic form can be expressed in novel-length works or episodic sequences that preserve the epic's length, scope, or ceremonial style. Oral traditions often produced early epics.

Study and significance: Epika is central to discussions of narrative length, scope, heroism, motif repetition, and world-building. Scholars analyze epic conventions such as invocation, catalogues, journey, and digressions, as well as how epics reflect culture, memory, and values of the societies that produce them.